Why does the same key show a different key value on another keyboard language?
Because key is translated by the operating system according to whichever layout is active at that moment; code does not change, so comparing the two on this page is the fastest way to confirm whether the issue is the selected layout or the physical key itself.
Why does my game still respond to WASD even when my keyboard is set to another language?
Because the game most likely listens to code, and the physical cluster used for W, A, S and D stays in the same spot on the keyboard no matter which layout is active; only the character reported by key would change, not the position that code identifies.
What is the keyCode property I see crossed out in old documentation?
It is the legacy numeric property that came before key and code, an integer per key with no clean relationship to the character typed; the UI Events specification marks it deprecated, and this test does not use it as its main reference.
What does location tell me when I press Shift or Enter?
location tells physically duplicated keys apart: 0 is the standard position, 1 marks the left side of the keyboard, 2 marks the right side, and 3 marks the numeric keypad, which resolves the ambiguity between the main Enter and the numeric Enter.