Why does the microphone level always show up as a negative number?
Because the scale is dBFS, decibels relative to the system's digital ceiling, and 0 dBFS marks the maximum value audio can represent without distorting; since almost no real sound uses the entire ceiling, the normal reading lands below zero, as a negative number.
Why does the meter move a little even in total silence?
Because perfect electrical silence does not exist: the microphone itself, the preamplifier, and the computer's analog to digital converter all introduce a residual noise floor, so the calculated RMS never reaches exactly zero, even with no intentional sound being captured.
Why does turning autoGainControl on or off change the level shown so much?
Because autoGainControl adjusts microphone gain automatically to keep volume inside a stable range; with it on, a naturally quiet microphone can end up looking similar to a loud one, so turning it off is necessary to see the real, unprocessed intensity of the signal.
What does it mean when the level gets close to 0 dBFS?
It means the signal is close to the system's digital ceiling and at risk of clipping, the abrupt cutoff of the waveform caused by saturation, which produces audible distortion; at that point it is worth lowering the microphone's input gain before recording or transmitting.