Why can a password with an uppercase letter, a digit and a symbol still score 0?
Because the score does not just look at which character types were used, it also checks the whole password against an embedded list of the most leaked ones; on a match, the adjusted entropy drops to 1 bit and the score goes to 0 no matter how many character sets the password mixes.
What changes across the analyzer's five attack profiles?
The guessing speed per second: 100 attempts per hour for a throttled online login, 10 per second unthrottled, 10 thousand per second against a slow hash like bcrypt, 10 billion per second against a fast unsalted hash, and 1 trillion per second for a GPU cluster; the same password-and-hash pair can take anywhere from centuries to seconds depending on which of these five profiles describes the attacker.
Why does `Cachorro2020` lose points even at 12 characters?
Because the trailing year follows a recognizable date-like shape, and the analyzer applies a fixed 6-bit penalty whenever it detects that shape, since years are among the first things tested by rule-based password-guessing lists; length helps, but it does not cancel out the pattern penalty.
Is a multi-word passphrase stronger than a short password full of symbols?
In the analyzer's example, yes: `correct-horse-battery`, using only lowercase letters and hyphens, reaches 123.5 bits because the 21-character length outweighs the character-set variety, and none of the pattern penalties trigger; a short password packed with symbols may have a larger per-position character set, but it loses on total combinations if it is too short.