What changed with the ninth digit on mobile numbers?
Starting in 2012, state by state, each state began requiring the digit 9 right after the DDD on mobile numbers, to avoid running out of available combinations; the change finished nationwide in 2016, and today every Brazilian mobile number has 9 digits after the DDD, versus 8 for a landline.
Does a DDD always map to a single city?
No. Each DDD covers an area that groups a capital or regional hub with several neighboring municipalities; DDD 11, for example, serves São Paulo and dozens of cities in greater São Paulo, so the code alone does not identify a number's exact city.
Who defines Brazil's DDD area codes?
Anatel, within the national telephony numbering plan, assigns each 2-digit code to a geographic area; the same agency also decided on and coordinated the rollout of the ninth digit on mobile numbers.
Why do large states have more than one DDD?
Because the number of phone lines possible under a single 2-digit code is limited; states with several large population hubs, like São Paulo or Santa Catarina, get different DDDs for each region, so no single area exhausts the available numbering.