Does week 40 mark the end of the 3rd trimester?
The calculator has no defined "end" for the 3rd trimester, it starts on day 196 and keeps showing as 3rd trimester even past the EDD, on day 280. What changes after the EDD is only the counter's text, which switches from "X days until the estimated date" to "X days past the estimated date".
Why does the progress percentage still show 100% a few days after the EDD?
Because the formula caps the result at 100%: complete days divided by 280, but never above 100. At 281 days, one day past the EDD, the percentage still reads 100.0%, and it stays that way on any later day, it is the days-past-EDD counter that keeps rising, not the progress bar.
Do the 13-weeks-6-days and 27-weeks-6-days cutoffs apply the same way to everyone?
They are calendar cutoffs applied to the count from the LMP, the same criterion as ACOG's FAQ156, not a measurement of that specific baby's development. Two pregnancies with the same total days since the LMP always land in the same trimester in this calculator, even if their actual development varies.