Why does a Portuguese word sometimes show two different fonts on the same line?
Because the browser falls back per character: when the glyph for ã, ç or õ does not exist in the primary font, it searches for that specific code point in the next font in the stack, so only the accented letters change shape while the rest of the word stays in the original font.
How do I know a font has full Portuguese coverage before I publish it?
Paste real text with a tilde, a cedilla and acute and circumflex accents, like the example "Ação, preço, relatório", and check whether every letter keeps the same weight and visual style; any letter that looks like it came from a different font signals a glyph missing from the original file.
Do uppercase accents, like "Á" and "Ã", carry the same risk as lowercase ones?
Yes, and the risk is often higher: many free or trial fonts prioritize the accented lowercase alphabet and leave the uppercase version incomplete, so an all-caps heading, such as an H1, is the most likely place to expose a missing glyph.
Does the R$ symbol for the Brazilian real often go missing in international fonts?
Yes, because R$ is not a single Unicode code point but two capital letters followed by the generic dollar sign U+0024, so the problem is rarely the glyph itself and almost always the kerning between R, $ and the first digit, a pairing many fonts never bothered to tune.